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Key words:

risks, factors, enterprise, geodesy, cartography, production

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The article considers the choice of a strategy for resolving problematic situations that arise when creating topographic and geodetic and cartographic products during the implementation of the state defense order by enterprises in the field of geodesy and cartography in the presence of various risk factors. The required amount of additional funds is the reserve required to complete the task of creating topographic-geodetic and cartographic products of defense significance within the framework of the state defense order, formed on the basis of planned diversion of funds from production consumption (external reserve) and rational use of internal resources throughout the life cycle of production of topographic-geodetic and cartographic products of defense significance.

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Key words:

quality indicators, information security, information system, IT-specialist, countering threats

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The article proposes a set of indicators applicable for modeling and assessing the work quality of employees in information technology departments of shipbuilding enterprises, as well as for evaluating the quality of administration and work organization processes. Key parameters of the quality of work of an information security employee at an enterprise are identified. The need for finding solutions capable of quantitatively assessing the critical qualities of an information technology specialist is highlighted. Formulaic dependencies are provided for calculating stochastic indicators, which allow for objective evaluations of the subjective influence of the human factor on the secure functioning of industrial enterprises' information systems. The model can be used to support decision-making aimed at improving system organization and planning measures to counteract information security threats.

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design, system engineering, space monitoring, fuzzy logic

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Modern requirements for existing space monitoring radars (SM radars) in terms of implementing a high-precision tracking mode for low-visibility man-made space objects necessitate extremely complex and expensive modernization work. The article presents a hypothesis about the possibility of reducing the risks of suboptimal choice of technical solutions during the modernization of the barrier survey radar for the implementation of modes with increased resolution while unconditionally performing routine tasks. The hypothesis is based on the choice of new technical solutions from a variety of possible options, which is carried out according to the results of the mean-variance analysis. At the same time, the entire set of possible modernization options is formed by converting the cost and time parameters of modernization into fuzzy sets, followed by an assessment of the risk functional of a suboptimal choice.

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Key words:

intentional interference, game-theoretic problem, algorithm for generating and receiving signals, class of interference with limited average power, guaranteed noise immunity

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The main objective of the «Comments...» is to highlight the history, state of the art, as well as the methods and sources for obtaining the relationships characterizing the guaranteed noise immunity of information transmission under conditions of intentional interference. The principles of correctly formulating the problem of analyzing and synthesizing an information transmission system (ITS) using a generalized model of interaction of antagonistic systems, methods of its reduction and solution are considered. The current values of the upper limit (guaranteed ITS) of the probability of data bit error in the class of interference with limited average power are given. The conditions for the applicability of the ITS noise immunity estimates given in the commented article under intentional interference are considered, and individual inaccuracies are noted. The issues of the correctness of references to the sources of the results used and the correctness of their interpretation are discussed.

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Key words:

power transformer, algorithm, fault, computer program, identification technique

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The article reveals the issue of optimizing the process of collecting and processing information on failures of power transformers and other equipment of power units of power plants and substations, for which a program for electronic computers has been developed, which forms an archive of failures, performs statistical processing of archive data and calculates the average time to failure. The process of work the given program for electronic-computing machines is disclosed and algorithms are described in detail, according to which realization of methodology of identification of failures with reference to time factor, number of power transformer and place of occurrence is carried out, with their detailed description for realization of the further most complete and reliable analysis of technical condition of power transformers and forecast on their further operation.

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Key words:

emergency public warning area, ground mobile object, orbital group flyby time

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The article considers the issue of determining the flight times of the orbital constellation of Earth remote sensing spacecraft moving in circular orbits over the emergency warning zone of the population (the territory at risk of the occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena and technogenic processes rapidly developing in time and space, posing an immediate threat to the life and health of people on it). As part of solving the problem, an algorithm for determining the flight times of the orbital constellation was developed, computational experiments were performed, pessimistic estimates of the maximum number of flights of a given orbital constellation of spacecraft were obtained, and time gaps in the observability of the emergency warning zone were established. The algorithm and model are based on a graph-analytical method for studying the motion of spacecraft using the basic theorems of spherical trigonometry.

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Key words:

shock wave, blast wave, dynamic pressure, translational effect, transfer of particles

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Triple configurations of shock or blast waves traveling along a gas stream with a normal main (Mach) shock (the so-called stationary Mach configurations) are considered. The basic relations determining the dynamic pressures of flows separated by a contact discontinuity emanating from the triple point of the Mach reflection and allowing them to be compared with each other and with the dynamic pressure of the incoming flow are obtained. The parameters of the stationary Mach configuration are analytically determined, the dynamic pressures of both streams behind which are equal to each other, as well as with the dynamic pressure of the flow before that configuration. It is shown that in this case, the flow behind the reflected shock affects the object with the same aerodynamic force and in the same direction as the incoming stream, and the flow behind the main (Mach) shock acts with a force equal in absolute magnitude, but opposite in direction.

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Key words:

algorithm, sound receiver, sound speed, Cartesian coordinates, inverse TDOA

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A new algorithm for artillery sound reconnaissance is presented with simultaneous calculation of the speed of sound based on the readings of four spaced apart sound receivers. The problem is formulated in flat Cartesian coordinates, which leads to a differencerangefinder system of equations, as in the standard case, which in Western terminology is denoted by the abbreviation TDOA (time difference of arrival). However, unlike the standard case, the number of equations increases by one and the number of unknowns also increases by one (this will be the speed of sound corresponding to the acoustic situation at the immediate moment of the shot/explosion). The proposed algorithm is equipped with the necessary mathematical analysis and a series of computer experiments. When all four sound receivers are on the same straight line, the algorithm does not work. A prototype was developed for the version of the standard algorithm in the MathCad environment.

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Key words:

hand grenade, ready-made submunitions, fragmentation field, growth target, lethal speed

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The article examines the effectiveness of using ammunition with ready-made submunitions (RMS), as well as comparing their effectiveness with ammunition that uses natural crushing of the body during an explosion (UNC). A comparison is made of the technical characteristics of the most common hand grenades with RMS. The parameters of a hand grenade with a RMS in the form of cylinders are calculated, as a result of which the lethal distance and lethal speed of the striking element for a given specific kinetic energy are determined, as well as the main parameters of the resulting fragmentation field. For grenades with UNC, an analysis of the destruction of a growth target is carried out, a version of domestic ammunition with GPE in the form of cylinders is proposed in the dimensions and weight parameters of the RGD-5 and F1 grenades, which can significantly increase the efficiency of their use, including the frequency of probability the target and the radius of destruction 

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Key words:

shock tube, shock wave, experiments, research, sensors

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The article presents an overview of shock tube designs that allow generating shock waves with different compression phase parameters. Various methods of shock wave generation in shock tubes are described. The advantages and disadvantages of using valves and bursting diaphragms to separate the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber are noted. It is shown that the shape of the section of the low-pressure chamber affects the shape of the front of the generated shock wave. The methods and methods of recording data obtained during experimental studies are described. The presented information allows us to conclude that shock tubes are an indispensable tool for studying shock wave processes, which allows not only qualitatively but also quantitatively assessing the picture of high–speed gas flow and related phenomena.

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Key words:

reliability indicators, availability factor, technical system, radio-electronic equipment

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The paper considers the existing methods of determining reliability indices in the design of complex radio-electronic systems. It is shown that classical design methods allow to obtain only preliminary results and are often of an evaluative nature. The method allowing to increase the reliability assessment of reliability indicators of a complex radio-electronic system at the design stages is proposed. The method is based on the application of simulation modelling methods, taking into account the mutual influence of element failures on the system operability. Demonstration computational experiments were carried out, which confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method of simulation modelling of system failures. The developed method is expedient to apply for determination of reliability indicators of complex technical systems.

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convoy, combat guard, sabotage and reconnaissance group, system of ordinary differential equations, mathematical expectation (MOG), standard deviation (RMS)

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A model for determining the probabilities of finding a combat guard (CG) in the states of countering a sabotage and reconnaissance group (SRG) during its attack on a convoy is proposed on the basis of using a Markov process with a discrete number of states and continuous time. The coupling equations for solving the system of ordinary differential equations (SODE) are obtained. The system of equations is solved by numerical Runge-Kutta method of the 4th order of accuracy in Mathcad environment. Under the condition of stationarity of the process of combat countermeasures against the BW of the SRG convoy and the transformation of the SODE, analytical dependencies for determining the probabilities of finding the CG in the considered states in the conditions of countermeasures against the enemy are obtained.

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Key words:

cost function, reconnaissance mission, logistic function, optimization, UAV

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Unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, unlike satellite reconnaissance vehicles, are characterized by the limitations of the field under study for a certain short period of time, which can be compensated by high resolution and the launch of many UAVs with a reconnaissance mission. Such a multitude of UAVs performing an intelligence mission constitute a distributed information collection system, the conditions and costs of which can vary greatly from each other. The cost function for a group of UAVs collectively performing a reconnaissance mission is analyzed, the problem of finding the optimal functional relationship between the parameter of the logistic function and the indicator of the probability function at which the differential function of the total costs of a group of reconnaissance drones reaches a minimum is formulated and solved.

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Key words:

object of the control system, security, stability of functioning, concealment, masking

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The basic requirements for the objects of the control system and the main zones for their protection, methods and means of ensuring the security of the objects of the control system are considered. It is shown that a significant contribution to ensuring the stability of management is made by the use of techniques and means of disguise, which are aimed at implementing the main ways to counter intelligence means — concealment and imitation. At the same time, the use of engineering techniques and means of camouflage was not previously considered in conjunction with other measures to ensure the security of control system facilities. The article considers proposals to ensure the sustainability of management by improving and applying means of hiding objects of the management system, which can be used in the organization of their protection and other important objects.

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Key words:

non-stationary interference, noise immunity, DVB-RCS, duty cycle of the interference pulse, MF-TDMA

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The paper considers the model of non-stationary interference (NSE) impact on the DVBRCS standard satellite communication channel. The proposed model allows to study the noise immunity of the channel with different types of modulation and noise-immune coding. The comparison of the results of the impact of unintentional interference on the satellite communication channel, arising from stationary and non-stationary sources of interference with the same average power is carried out. The bit error probability is used as an indicator of noise immunity of satellite communication channels. It is shown that at high ratios of average signal-to-interference power non-stationary interference can have a more negative impact on the communication channel compared to stationary, increasing the probability of bit error. Particularly dangerous impact NRS has on transmitted video and photo data, which is associated with the peculiarities of data compression.

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Key words:

means of protecting pelvic organs, combat individual equipment, antifragmentation resistance

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The analysis of the structure of gunshot wounds among personnel in modern armed conflicts is conducted. It is shown that the part of the soldier’s body «stomach, groin, pelvic area» is significantly vulnerable to modern damaging factors of the battlefield, which suggests mandatory and effective armored protection. The analysis of the main characteristics of shockproof and ballistic domestic and foreign means of protecting the pelvic organs is conducted. It is shown that most ballistic means of protecting the pelvic organs provide effective protection against anti-personnel fragmentation mines at a distance of 50-60 m. Promising ways to improve the protective characteristics of means of protecting the pelvic organs are proposed, taking into account the ergonomic component.

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adaptive electronic control circuit, cooling system, diesel engine MTV, water pump, fan, thermostat

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The article presents the results of a study of the electronic adaptive control circuit for the elements of the cooling system of the multipropose tracked vehicles (MTV) diesel engine (water pump, fan with an electronic thermostat and other elements) in order to maintain the optimal coolant temperature, the thermal state of the diesel, reduce the fuel consumption of the MTV diesel engine and increase the properties of the MTV. This is due to the use of modern electronic circuits (Arduino), which receive signals coming from sensors that measure the parameters of the diesel engine, as well as the external conditions that affect its operation, and process these signals and send control signals to the implemented devices, which ensures that the ideal coolant temperature is maintained at the values specified in the control circuit.

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Key words:

shaped charge ring, shaped charge, artillery shell, destruction

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The possibility of using shaped charges for the non-detonation destruction of artillery shells has been studied. The possibility of using a shaped charge of an annular KZK to destroy artillery shells has been experimentally confirmed. It has been shown that it is preferable to use a KZK semi-ring charge to destroy artillery shells, since in the case of using a fully loaded KZK charge, complete detonation of the projectile is possible. The possibility of using a semi-ring plastid charge for the non-detonation destruction of artillery shells has been experimentally confirmed.

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Key words:

multilayer polymer coating, modulus of elasticity, mechanical properties, uniformity, stretching of samples, coating structure

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The durability of special-purpose equipment is determined by the mechanical properties of the polymer coating applied to it. The uniformity of the composition and structure of a multilayer polymer coating determines its mechanical properties. An experimental study was made of the effect on the elastic modulus of a sample consisting of an aluminum base with a double-sided multilayer polymer coating and the number of single layers of this coating under tension. Empirical dependences of the elastic modulus of the sample and the elastic modulus of the polymer coating on the number of unit layers were obtained. It has been established that when the number of single layers of the same thickness increases from two to eight, the elastic modulus of the polymer coating increases significantly. Increasing the number of single layers of polymer coating more than eight is not advisable, since it does not lead to an increase in the elastic modulus.

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Key words:

combat robot, autonomous and remotely controlled robots, software, combat and special tasks, reconnaissance, demining, evacuation, electronic warfare

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Modern combat operations pose a serious problem. On the one hand, various military and specialized robotic systems are being developed independently of each other. However, on the other hand, there is a need to standardize the technical characteristics of these systems in order to facilitate their integration and use in combat conditions. The problem of contradiction between the variety of military and special purpose robotic complexes being developed on an initiative basis and the need to substantiate their technical appearance in order to standardize and unify the development and use of combat robots with attachment modules was also identified. This article analyzes the current state of military robotics and explores ways to increase the autonomy and remote control of these systems, as well as their potential application in various combat scenarios. In addition to ground-based combat systems, the paper examines the potential interaction between these systems and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which could expand their capabilities and allow them to perform additional tasks in the presence of weapons.

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medical evacuation measures, safety of military service, stages of medical evacuation, hazards, occupational risks

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The article substantiates the need to consider medical evacuation measures carried out in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the format of the management system «Security of military service». Wounded (stricken) military personnel who have entered the stages of medical evacuation legally retain the status of «performing official duties» and, therefore, on an equal basis with healthy ones performing a combat mission, they also have a legal right, in particular, to safe conditions of military service, which the command of a military unit is obliged to provide them. Therefore, when planning medical evacuation measures, it is necessary to consider them as a dangerous factor of military service, which causes a whole package of relevant risks of damage to health. However, medical evacuation measures are still planned as before without taking into account the safety requirements that are legally fixed, which, in principle, is unacceptable.

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